Nucelus (N), mitochindria (M), plasma membrane (PM), chloroplast outer envelope (OE) chloroplast inner envelope (IE). At right and below, black and white microscopic images of thylakoid stacks.

Chloroplasts may seem like docile farmers of light. But inside these microscopic plant and algal cell structures lurks the spirit of a warrior. When a pathogen attacks a plant, chloroplasts stop ...

This is the metadata section. Skip to content viewer section. 1. The ground substance or stroma of the chloroplast is in the form of a hollow, flattened, prolate spheroid surrounding a large central ...

Chloroplasts are semi-autonomous organelles that have some degree of independence in their operation and reproduction. However, they still require proteins made from instructions in the cell ...

A study uncovers a new role for ion transporters: they participate in gene regulation in chloroplasts. A study led by LMU plant biologist Hans-Henning Kunz uncovers a new role for ion transporters ...

Collapsed chloroplasts are targeted in self-eating process. Tohoku University. Journal The Plant Cell DOI 10.1105/tpc.16.00637 ...

Citation: Chloroplasts' ancient origins: Organelles may have emerged as energy producers before switching to carbon assimilation (2024, December 10) retrieved 9 July 2025 from https://phys.org ...